[Just a heads-up — this is mostly a placeholder for now — we are going to add more detail, including historic numbers so trends and changes are more clear. And there are some changes which won’t make sense without more context, such as when the standard deduction increased enormously due to the 2017 TCJA, but that was coupled with lots of other changes, such as the elimination of personal exemptions. Also — while we do try to check and double-check these things, it’s possible we made a mistake in transcribing from the IRS releases. Please double-check on your own.]

Standard Deduction

Tax Year	Single; MFS	Married (MFJ)	HoH
2026	16,100	32,200	24,150
2025 (w/OBBBA)	15,750	31,500	23,625
2024	14,600	29,200	21,900

IRA and 401k Contributions

Tax Year	IRA	IRA Catch Up	401k (Employee)	401k Catch Up	Sec 415 Limit
2026	7500	1100	24,500	8000	72,000
2025	7000	1000	23,500	7500	70,000
2024	7000	1000	23,000	7500	69,000

Gift Tax Annual Exclusion and Lifetime Estate Exemption

Tax Year	Annual Exclusion	Lifetime Estate Exemption
2026	19,000	15,000,000
2025	19,000	13,990,000
2024	18,000	13,610,000

IRMAA Threshold (only the first — there are several brackets)

IRMAA year / income year	Single	Married
2026 / 2024	109,000	218,000
2025 / 2023	106,000	212,000
2024 / 2022	103,000	206,000
2023 / 2021	97,000	194,000
2022 / 2020	91,000	182,000

Note that IRMAA is determined for a given year by your MAGI from two years prior. For example, you’ll be notified in November 2025 of what your 2026 IRMAA and Medicare premiums will be. Those 2026 premiums are based on the 2026 table — and your MAGI from 2024. This is because at that point — well before you file your 2025 taxes, but just after you’ve filed your 2024 taxes, 2024 is the latest year for which your income was fully known at that point. There are some exceptions which will allow you to use a more recent year (and they’ll reconcile retroactively) – if you have certain life-changing events.

MAGI for ACA subsidies is your AGI + add back in any tax-exempt (muncipal bond) interest. Note that there are multiple definitions of MAGI and one has to use the correct variation depending on the circumstance.

ACA (ObamaCare) Subsidy Cliff

Note that in certain years, the cliff did not apply. We will put an asterisk, but we are listing what the cliff threshold would have been had it applied. The cliff is at 400% of the Federal Poverty Level. Note that there’s also a minimum income for getting ACA policies and subsidies and below that minimum, many people would have to go on Medicaid rather than an ACA policy. We are only listing the *maximum* income at which a subsidy may be available here.

Coverage year (prior year’s FPL)	1 person	2 people	3 people	4 people	5 people
2026	62,600	84,600	106,600	128,600	150,600
2025 *	60,240	81,760	103,280	124,800	146,320
2024 *
2023 *
2022 *

Note that income for ACA subsidies is a different MAGI: It’s AGI, but add back in interest from municipal bonds, as well as the otherwise non-taxed portion of any Social Security benefits.